Ultimate space simulation software

 
User avatar
Trappist-1 f
Astronaut
Astronaut
Topic Author
Posts: 43
Joined: 23 Jan 2023 21:02
Location: Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, China

How to compute the effecitve temperature of an exoplanet?

31 Aug 2023 02:02

I found the effective temperature of exoplanets in SE is nice, but I am not able to compute exoplanets' effective temperature by myself. So who can tell me how to compute it or how SE compute the effective temperature of an exoplanet?
Attachments
屏幕截图 2023-08-31 150151.png
I believe TRAPPIST-1 f is a cool terra planet/cool mesobaric marine rocky terra planet.
 
NaNexistsInSpace
Observer
Observer
Posts: 8
Joined: 16 Jan 2024 13:54

Re: How to compute the effecitve temperature of an exoplanet?

19 Jan 2024 17:12

The temperature of any object in space is the equilibrium of incomming energy and outgoing energy. In the case of light it's the equilibrium between the energy which is absorbed and the energy which is radiated.

One can assume a lambertian surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambertian_reflectance to make the computation simpler. The surface of the moon for example is not a lambertian, there are more complicated BDRF's to compute it more exactly. But this isn't necessary if the solution doesn't have to be very accurate.

How to compute the incomming energy from a distant light source? One way is to compute a exact solution by using a solid angle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle which is spanned by the projected circle in the angular coordinate system from the origin of the point light  and do the math based on that.

A simpler way is to assume that the light source is very far away, so that the directions of the light are assumed to be parallel on all points of the receiving body. We can then compute the ratio of the surface of a sphere (the radius here is the distance between the light source and the other body) and the area of the projected sphere of the receiver (which is a circle with the radius of the receiver).

areaRatio = areaOfEmitterSphere / areaOfProjectedReceiverSphere
areaOfEmitterSphere = 4π*pow(distance,2)
areaOfProjectedReceiverSphere = pi*pow(r, 2)

We can then compute the received energy as the product of the total power of the source and the ratio:
receivedPower = sourcePower*areaRatio

So now we got a way on how to compute the receivedPower which heats up the body (rate of heating depends on heat capacity of the body).

So now we are left of with the problem on how to compute the outgoing power.
The only way a body can emit energy in space is by black body radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body_radiation .
We can then plug in the temperature of the body to get the power which is radiated.

...

Now we are left of by finding a way on how to solve this nonlinear relationship to get the temerature where the equilibrium is maintained. This could be solved by using root finding algorithms, or simply simulating for N steps with a given timeframe to simulate per step.
 
stickypassive
Observer
Observer
Posts: 1
Joined: 12 Mar 2024 23:00
Contact:

Re: How to compute the effecitve temperature of an exoplanet?

12 Mar 2024 23:07

I think that every calculation will have errors and you can only calculate the effective temperature of an exoplanet roughly, not accurately.
 
User avatar
Trappist-1 f
Astronaut
Astronaut
Topic Author
Posts: 43
Joined: 23 Jan 2023 21:02
Location: Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, China

Re: How to compute the effecitve temperature of an exoplanet?

16 Mar 2024 00:32

The temperature of any object in space is the equilibrium of incomming energy and outgoing energy. In the case of light it's the equilibrium between the energy which is absorbed and the energy which is radiated.

One can assume a lambertian surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambertian_reflectance to make the computation simpler. The surface of the moon for example is not a lambertian, there are more complicated BDRF's to compute it more exactly. But this isn't necessary if the solution doesn't have to be very accurate.

How to compute the incomming energy from a distant light source? One way is to compute a exact solution by using a solid angle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle which is spanned by the projected circle in the angular coordinate system from the origin of the point light  and do the math based on that.

A simpler way is to assume that the light source is very far away, so that the directions of the light are assumed to be parallel on all points of the receiving body. We can then compute the ratio of the surface of a sphere (the radius here is the distance between the light source and the other body) and the area of the projected sphere of the receiver (which is a circle with the radius of the receiver).

areaRatio = areaOfEmitterSphere / areaOfProjectedReceiverSphere
areaOfEmitterSphere = 4π*pow(distance,2)
areaOfProjectedReceiverSphere = pi*pow(r, 2)

We can then compute the received energy as the product of the total power of the source and the ratio:
receivedPower = sourcePower*areaRatio

So now we got a way on how to compute the receivedPower which heats up the body (rate of heating depends on heat capacity of the body).

So now we are left of with the problem on how to compute the outgoing power.
The only way a body can emit energy in space is by black body radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body_radiation .
We can then plug in the temperature of the body to get the power which is radiated.

...

Now we are left of by finding a way on how to solve this nonlinear relationship to get the temerature where the equilibrium is maintained. This could be solved by using root finding algorithms, or simply simulating for N steps with a given timeframe to simulate per step.
Thanks very much. I have learn to calculate the effective temperature from one of SE's news.
I believe TRAPPIST-1 f is a cool terra planet/cool mesobaric marine rocky terra planet.
 
kevenkilback
Observer
Observer
Posts: 1
Joined: 24 Sep 2024 22:38
Location: https://raftwar.io

Re: How to compute the effecitve temperature of an exoplanet?

24 Sep 2024 22:45

The temperature of any object in space is the equilibrium of incomming energy and outgoing energy. In the case of light it's the equilibrium between the energy which is absorbed and the energy which is radiated.

One can assume a lambertian surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambertian_reflectance to make the computation simpler. The surface of the moon for example is not a lambertian, there are more complicated BDRF's to compute it more exactly. But this isn't necessary if the solution doesn't have to be very accurate.

How to compute the incomming energy from a distant light source? One way is to compute a exact solution by using a solid angle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle which is spanned by the projected circle in the angular coordinate system from the origin of the point light  and do the math based on that.

A simpler way is to assume that the light source is very far away, so that the directions of the light are assumed to be parallel on all points of the receiving body. We can then compute the ratio of the surface of a sphere (the radius here is the distance between the light source and the other body) and the area of the projected sphere of the receiver (which is a circle with the radius of the receiver).

areaRatio = areaOfEmitterSphere / areaOfProjectedReceiverSphere
areaOfEmitterSphere = 4π*pow(distance,2)
areaOfProjectedReceiverSphere = pi*pow(r, 2)

We can then compute the received energy as the product of the total power of the source and the ratio:
receivedPower = sourcePower*areaRatio

So now we got a way on how to compute the receivedPower which heats up the body (rate of heating depends on heat capacity of the body).

So now we are left of with the problem on how to compute the outgoing power.
The only way a body can emit energy in space is by black body radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body_radiation .
We can then plug in the temperature of the body to get the power which is radiated.

...

Now we are left of by finding a way on how to solve this nonlinear relationship to get the temerature where the equilibrium is maintained. This could be solved by using root finding algorithms, or simply simulating for N steps with a given timeframe to simulate per step.
The information you shared is very detailed and specific. I will apply that formula and try to calculate how much it yields.

Who is online

Users browsing this forum: Ahrefs [Bot] and 0 guests