Wat, could it be that similar structures are due to being acted on by the same forces? Like gravity and/or the electromagnetic force? Both are long range forces that decrease proportionately with distance squared.FFT does a nice job explaining the problems of the cosmic web structure acting as a brain, so I like to focus on the idea of them appearing similar. Sometimes very different processes leads to structures that resemble one another, but otherwise bear no relation in behavior or function. Spiral galaxies may remind a lot of whirlpools, for instance. But whirlpools involve water being sucked down toward a drain. So are galaxies slowly draining down into their centers? No. (One might ask if their central black holes could act like the drain, and they do, but only for the material that is extremely close to them within an accretion disk. The rest of the galaxy is in orbital motion and isn't being "sucked in".)
The cosmic web looks similar to the structure of neurons, which is an interesting case where the gravitational collapse of a fluid happens to produce similar structure as that which optimizes the connections within a brain. But as FFT says there is no meaningful signal processing happening along these filaments of the cosmic web that could be construed as thoughts. Light is very slow, and a more serious problem is unlike in brains, changes in one supercluster don't significantly influence other superclusters, especially ones very far away. Brains involve rapid and organized communication and feedback between distant parts of itself, and these features are lacking in the universe.
On a different note, some of the quantum mind theories are interesting too, but I believe similar arguments have been used against Orch-OR.
I believe the distances between planets which was described by Titus-Bode and which we've now found exists in exoplanetary systems too, is also due to certain gravitational resonances making planets more likely to be placed at certain distances from their parent star.