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skywalker66
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JackDole's Universe

01 Oct 2017 01:18

CORRECTED PARAMETERS FOR KEPLER-974 / KOI-1843 SYSTEM
I've moved your post here, where it belongs. [hr] CORRECTED PARAMETERS FOR KEPLER-974 / KOI-1843 SYSTEM

While researching the subject on extremely close orbiting terra exoplanets, I have come across the incorrect parameters in the stellar system Kepler-974 / KOI-1843 someone had wrote in SE 0.980 over one year ago. Quite a surprise. Go take a look for sure. Incorrect parameters in the Kepler-974 / KOI-1843 are as the following:
Kepler-974 b:  Discovery year= 2016; Semimajor Axis= 5,878,235 km; Period= 4.194 days in orbit closest to star
KOI-1843.01:  Discovery year= 2013; Semimajor Axis= 5,909,121 km; Period= 4 hours 14 minutes 43 seconds
KOI-1843.02: Discovery year= omitted; Semimajor Axis= 7,794,055 km; Period= 6.356 days
In this old version, Kepler-974 b and KOI-1843.01 are orbiting too close in chaotic orbits.
I made corrected parameters for Kepler-974 / KOI-1843 exoplanets as the following:
KOI-1843.03: Discovery year= 2012; Semimajor Axis= 720,000 km; Period= 4 hours 14 minutes 43 seconds closest to star
Kepler-974 b: Discovery year= 2013; Semimajor Axis= 5,909,121 km; Period= 4.194 days
KOI-1843.02: Discovery year= 2013; Semimajor Axis= 7,794,055 km; Period= 6.356 days
In this new version, orbits of all three exoplanets are put in correct order. I have added a comet-like tail for innermost planet which orbits very close to primary star. I fine-tuned their orbital parameters accordingly to some sources on the Internet. The new script goes into addons/catalogs/planets
Kepler-974.sc
(17.94 KiB) Downloaded 783 times
KOI-1843.01 is designed as Kepler-974 b on https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.e ... Table.html and the data for KOI-1843.03 can be found on https://www.openexoplanetcatalogue.com/ ... I-1843.03/  So the discovery year for Kepler-974 b came from one website (https://www.openexoplanetcatalogue.com/ ... Kepler-974 b/) and for KOI-1843.03 came from another website (https://www.space.com/22429-alien-plane ... -iron.html). The experts believe that only one reason why KOI-1843.03 withstand the extreme strong tidal forces just below the Roche Limit of primary star is because it is made most of iron. They wrote an article "The Roche Limit For Close-Orbiting Planets: Minimum Density, Composition Constraints, And Application To The 4.2 Hour Planet KOI 1843.03," on https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1 ... 1/L15/meta

Previous record holders were KOI-55 b (Kepler-70) terra with a 6-hour period and Kepler-78 b terra with a 8.5-hour period, all of which can be found on SE 0.980. KOI-1843.03 terra with a 4.25-hour period is record holder. Astronomers has recently found a hot rocky-iron terra planet orbiting close to EPIC 228813918 which falls in second place behind, with a 4.3-hour period (see reference on https://phys.org/news/2017-07-astronome ... bital.html). Only trouble is that I cannot find the stellar system EPIC 228813918 and its exoplanet on SE 0.980.
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COMMUNITY ADDON: Exoplanets

05 Oct 2017 14:17

IONIZED PLASMA TORI AROUND WASP-12 B HINTS AT A POSSIBLE EXOMOON?

In 2008 astronomers discovered a extrasolar planet WASP-12 b revolving around a solar-type star 800 light-years from our Solar System. They determined it was a Hot Jupiter with Mass 1.41 times and Radius 1.74 times that of Jupiter, with a tight orbit about 5.8 million kilometers above the primary star's surface in a period of 26 hours 11 minutes. The gaseous planet is so close to WASP-12 that the star's tidal forces are distorting it into an egg shape and pulling away its atmosphere at a rate of about 189 quadrillion tons (1 x 10e7 Jupiter Mass) a year. This so-called "tidal heating," and the proximity of the planet to its star, combine to bring the surface temperature to more than 2,200 degrees Celsius. In September 2017, Hubble Space Telescope was able to confirm the observations that WASP-12 b absorbs, instead of reflects, at least 94% of the light that shines on its surface. As a result, the exoplanet has been described as "black as asphalt" and as a "pitch black" Hot Jupiter with albedo of 0.064 (our Moon has albedo of 0.12). However, WASP-12 b is not the darkest known exoplanet- that award goes to Kepler 1 / TrES-2 b, another Hot Jupiter with albedo of 0.0136 (https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/09/1 ... _exoplanet). For few years they thought that WASP-12 b was carbon-rich because of measured C/O ratio twice that of solar valve. This particular observation, however, was criticized for careless analysis of spectral light coming from WASP-12's two red dwarf companions which orbit close to it few light-years distant (on the website of https://astrobites.org/2012/10/19/wasp- ... -after-all). And they assumed that a portion of WASP-12 b's atmosphere was lost by thermal swelling and gas drag, pulled toward the star to form a hot gas ring around the star, rather than into a cometary tail, with a greater chance of disappearing in 10 million years. However, there is a greater possibility that planet can retain its atmosphere gases for several billion years by being protected with a supersonic shock wave it sets up ahead in its tight orbit around the star ("Hottest Known Planet May Use Shock Wave To Save Atmosphere" on https:// http://www.space.com/11427-hot-alien-pl ... kwave.html). Finally, Russian astronomers suspected a possible exomoon by their analysis of periodic drips in light from WASP-12 b and then some time later, a team of Arizona University astronomers observed the Hubble Space Telescope's transit timing of drips from ionized gaseous torus of excited magnesium and calcium from both HD 189733 b and WASP-12 b that they were able to make model prediction ("Transit Of Exomoon Plasma Tori: New Diagnosis" on https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1 ... /785/2/L30). WASP-12 b's exomoon orbits at 6 Radius planet with a plasma torus and a retrograde orbit, and its mass is estimated to be between 0.57 - 6.40 Earth Mass. I had worked on making the orbital parameters of such exomoon and choose the minimum mass of 0.6 Earth Mass for two days- using the following: Earth Mass= 5.9736e24 kg; Jupiter's Mass= 1.8989e27 kg (318 Earth Mass); and WASP-12 b's Mass= 2.66872372e27 kg (446.75 Earth Mass). WASP-12b exomoon Mass= 3.60769598e24 kg (0.60394 Earth Mass). So Exomoon + Planet= Total Mass 2.67233142e27 kg. WASP-12 b's jovian Radius is 1.2411e8 m and its exomoon orbit is 7.4466e8 m (6 R planet) or about 744,660 kilometers. Thus orbital distance + planetary radius= 8.6877e8 m. Using the Kepler's 3rd Law Ultra Calculator online on www.1728.org/kepler3a.htm. Therefore,
*Terra bI, Superearth, 8.6877e8 m, 2.67233142e27 kg= period 3.8808 days or 0.010625 year

Early in the planetary formation almost more than 2 billion years ago, a large Jovian planet made inward migration towards the star WASP-12 and captured a rocky Super Earth into a retrograde orbit which became a satellite- very much like Neptune's giant moon Triton. Both objects experienced extreme tidal heating as they parked into a tight orbit around the star. Interesting thing is that the exomoon makes one retrograde revolution around the planet once, while the planet makes 3.5 prograde revolutions around the star. Intense solar wind and heat blew comet-like gases from both objects- in very compacted dance as viewed from the star's north pole in Space Engine. WASP-12 b exomoon is more like "Supergiant Io"- with extremely hot volcanoes spewing evaporated rock and metal into space and onto the giant planet's atmosphere closeby. Its crust gets pulled apart FOUR TIMES in its single revolution period- and almost fractured through which magma may flow. The ionized plasma torus has ions of +Ti, +Al, +Sn, +Mg, +Ca, +V, +I, +Si, +C and +S, with traces of water and hydrocarbons. The WASP-12 System can demonstrate what happens with the "Grand Tack Event" repented in many exoplanetary systems, in four major scenarios as the following:
A.) Solar System: One large Jovian planet forms and migrates inward into the inner Asteroid Belt where it slingshot thousands of large planetsimals around and demonlish all Super Earths in titanic collisions, before being pulled by second Jovian planet back into the outer zone. Terrestrial planets formed out of demolition debris belt.
B.) 1SWASP J1407 System: One large Jovian planet forms and migrates inward into the inner Asteroid Belt, but encounters another smaller Jovian Planet which tipped it over. In the process, it captures more of planetesimals and debris into a larger ring disk which later formed the large exomoons. No Terrestrial planets were formed in the inner zone due to lack of debris.
C.) WASP-12 System: One large Jovian planet forms and migrates inward into the inner Asteroid Belt where it slingshot the large planetesimals and demolish most but not all of Super Earths as before in Scenario A. It captures one of Super Earths or Hot Neptunes as a satellite into a retrograde orbit on its inward journey to the star. One large Terrestrial planet or none at all may form out of demolition debris belt after the Jovian's passage in the inner zone.
D.) Upsilon Andromedae System: One large Jovian planet forms and migrates inward into the inner Asteroid Belt, but it finds much less planetesimals there on late arrival as most of such material has accreted into Super Earths or Hot Neptunes. Instead, it throws them into the chaotic orbits out of the original plane or ecliptic on its inward migration. No Terrestrial planets were formed in the inner zone.

You may put WASP-12 b.Sc into the SE 0.980's subfold addons/catalogs/planets
scr00037.jpg
One screenshot sample of WASP-12 b Jovian planet with its exomoon
scr00037.jpg
 
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WASP-12 b.sc
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09 Oct 2017 17:03

IONIZED PLASMA TORI AROUND WASP-12 B      "TORI" should be spelled "TORUS."  My apologies.
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COMMUNITY ADDON: Exoplanets

16 Oct 2017 08:59

Some new Exoplanets
// Filename: SomeNewExoStars.sc
// JackDole 2017.10.16 15:25:40

// Put in 'addons\catalogs\stars'

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FL_Lyrae
StarBarycenter "FL Lyrae/FL Lyr/BD+46° 2641/HD 179890/HIP 94335/KIC 9641031/SAO 48190"
{
    RA      19 12 04.86170
    Dec     46 19 26.8632
    Dist    130
    
    Class   "G0 V"
    AppMagn 9.36
}


// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/ogle-2017-blg-0173/
Star "OGLE-2017-BLG-0173"
{
    RA      17 51 53.0
    Dec     -29 16 17
    Dist    4700.0      // (-1780 +1460)
    
    MassSol     0.417   // (-024 +0.4)
}


// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/gj_3942_b/
// http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=GJ+3942&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id
Star "GJ 3942/HIP 79126"
{
    RA      16 09 03.1408
    Dec     52 56 37.958
    Dist    16.963528
    
    Class   "M0.5 V"
    
    MassSol     0.63
    RadSol      0.61
    AppMagn     10.0
    
    Teff    3867.0
    FeH     -0.04
}


// http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=GJ+9827&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id
// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/gj_9827_b/
Star "GJ 9827/BD-02 5958/HIP 115752"
{
    RA      23 27 04.83647
    Dec     -01 17 10.5816
    Dist    30.3214069
    
    Class   "K6 V"
    
    MassSol     0.659
    RadSol      0.651
    AppMagn     10.4
    
    Teff    4255.0
    FeH     -0.28
}


// https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.01025.pdf
// http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&Ident=LP%20358-499
Star "LP 358-499/EPIC 247887989/2MASS J04403562+2500361"
{
    RA      04 40 35.63
    Dec     25 00 36.1
    Dist    80
    
    Class   "M1 V"
    
    MassSol     0.52
    RadSol      0.49
    AppMagn     13.996
    
    Teff    3644.0
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Filename: SomeNewExoPlanets.sc
// JackDole 2017.10.16 15:28:59

// Put in 'addons\catalogs\planets'

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FL_Lyrae
Star "FL Lyr A"
{
    ParentBody  "FL Lyr"
    Class       "F8"
    
    RadSol      1.283
    MassSol     1.218
    
    Lum         2.17
    AbsMagn     3.84
    
    Teff        6363
    FeH         -0.34
    Age         2.29
    
    Orbit 
    {
        Period          0.011927177421067
        Inclination     89.0    // Estimated
        Eccentricity    0.0     // n/a
        MeanAnomaly     0.0     // n/a
        AscendingNode   0.0     // n/a
        ArgOfPericen    0.0     // n/a
        RefPlane        "Extrasolar"
    }
}

Star "FL Lyr B"
{
    ParentBody  "FL Lyr"
    Class       "G8"
    
    RadSol      0.958
    MassSol     0.963
    
    Lum         0.65
    AbsMagn     5.30
    
    Teff        5239
    
    Orbit 
    {
        Period          0.011927177421067
        Inclination     89.0    // Estimated
        Eccentricity    0.0     // n/a
        MeanAnomaly     0.0     // n/a
        AscendingNode   0.0     // n/a
        ArgOfPericen    180     // n/a
        RefPlane        "Extrasolar"
    }
}

Planet "FL Lyr b"
{
    ParentBody  "FL Lyr"
    
    Mass        2862.59542
    Msini       2862.59542
 
    DiscMethod  "Pulsar"
    DiscDate    "2015"
    Updated     "2017.10.11"
    
    Orbit 
    {
        Period      12.046801
        Inclination     89.0    // Estimated
    }
}


// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/ogle-2017-blg-0173/
Planet "OGLE-2017-BLG-0173 b"
{
    ParentBody  "OGLE-2017-BLG-0173"
    
    Mass        2888.040712     //  ( -5.7 +10.85 MJ )
 
    DiscMethod  "MicroLens"
    DiscDate    "2017"
    Updated     "2017.09.26"
    
    Orbit 
    {
        SemiMajorAxis   3.75    // (+- 1.67)
    }
}


// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/gj_3942_b/
Planet "GJ 3942 b"
{
    ParentBody  "GJ 3942"
    
    Mass        7.15648855
    Msini       7.15648855
    Radius      15728.240
    
    DiscMethod  "RadVel"
    DiscDate    "2017"
    Updated     "2017.09.21"
    
    Orbit 
    {
        SemiMajorAxis   0.0608 
        Period          0.01890526
        Eccentricity     0.121
        ArgOfPericen    112.7
    }
}


// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/gj_9827_b/
Planet "GJ 9827 b"
{
    ParentBody  "GJ 9827"
    
    Mass        4.2620865
    Radius      10437.832
    
    DiscMethod  "Transit"
    DiscDate    "2017"
    Updated     "2017.09.08"
    
    Orbit 
    {
        SemiMajorAxis   0.02
        Period          0.00331
        Inclination     85.8
    }
}

// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/gj_9827_c/
Planet "GJ 9827 c"
{
    ParentBody  "GJ 9827"
    
    Mass        2.63040712
    Radius      8221.580
    
    DiscMethod  "Transit"
    DiscDate    "2017"
    Updated     "2017.09.08"
    
    Orbit 
    {
        SemiMajorAxis   0.042
        Period          0.00998795
        Inclination     87.8
    }
}

// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/gj_9827_d/
Planet "GJ 9827 d"
{
    ParentBody  "GJ 9827"
    
    Mass        5.31170483
    Radius      13297.512
    
    DiscMethod  "Transit"
    DiscDate    "2017"
    Updated     "2017.09.08"
    
    Orbit 
    {
        SemiMajorAxis   0.06
        Period          0.016979
        Inclination     87.39 
    }
}


// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/lp_358-499_b/
// https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.01025.pdf
Planet "LP 358-499 b"
{
    ParentBody  "LP 358-499"
    
    Mass        1.86068702
    Radius      8791.98
    
    DiscMethod  "Transit"
    DiscDate    "2017"
    Updated     "2017.09.05"
    
    Orbit 
    {
        SemiMajorAxis   0.0333
        Period          0.00840949
        Inclination     87.36
    }
}

// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/lp_358-499_c/
// https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.01025.pdf
Planet "LP 358-499 c"
{
    ParentBody  "LP 358-499"
    
    Radius      9938.76
    
    DiscMethod  "Transit"
    DiscDate    "2017"
    Updated     "2017.09.05"
    
    Orbit 
    {
        SemiMajorAxis   0.0452
        Period          0.01332787
        Inclination     88.44
    }
}

// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/lp_358-499_d/
// https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.01025.pdf
Planet "LP 358-499 d"
{
    ParentBody  "LP 358-499"
    
    Radius      13506.52
    
    DiscMethod  "Transit"
    DiscDate    "2017"
    Updated     "2017.09.05"
    
    Orbit 
    {
        SemiMajorAxis   0.078
        Period          0.03018381
        Inclination     89.36
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SomeNewExoStars.sc
(1.93 KiB) Downloaded 766 times
(Put in 'addons\catalogs\stars'
SomeNewExoPlanets.sc
(4.74 KiB) Downloaded 766 times
(Put in 'addons\catalogs\planets'
JackDole's Universe 0.990: http://forum.spaceengine.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=546
JackDole's Archive: http://forum.spaceengine.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=419
JackDole: Mega structures ... http://old.spaceengine.org/forum/17-3252-1 (Old forum)
 
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skywalker66
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COMMUNITY ADDON: Exoplanets

24 Oct 2017 16:34

UPDATING NEW EXOPLANETS IN ALPHA CENTAURI SYSTEM

In 2012 Xavier Dumusupe and his colleagues reported the possible discovery of an Earth-size planet in a scorching three-day orbit around the Alpha Centauri B, "ALP Cen B b." However, recently Vinesh Rajpaul and his team from the University of Oxford Department of Physics has questioned the finding suggesting that the putative planet is no more than a "ghost" introduced by faults in the data analysis. They have been using the Hubble Space Telescope to search for the planet's transits across the Alpha Centauri B's disk. They weren't able to find it, but instead have seen hints of a second Earth-sized world in the system. They called it "ALP Cen B c," the only one verifiable by its 20-day transits across the Alpha Centauri B's disk in 2015. It is more like super-hot Venus, with dense cloud canopy that has unique cyclone eye associated with planet's synchronous rotation locked towards the star. About one year later, a team of 31 astronomers at European Southern Observatory (ESO) has discovered a rocky Super Earth with 1.1 Earth Diameter and 1.3 Earth Mass revolving around Alpha Centauri C (or Proxima Centauri) in a 11.2-day orbit. They called it "Proxima b," certainly an Earth-like planet located in a continous habitable zone where liquid water would exist on its surface and possible greater potentiality for life. Further observations reveal that there are no Brown Dwarfs and gaseous Jovians in the Alpha Centauri system, because of greater tidal forces by the same stellar trio which prevented the formation of such supermassive objects- notwithstanding a popular movie of THE AVATAR (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Centauri and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri). They suspected there might be more additional Terrestrial Planets or Super Earths less than 4 Earth Masses within 2-3 Astronomical Units of either Alpha Centauri A or B for stable orbits. They were going to upgrade their Very Large Telescope (VLT) and European-Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) with the help of private funding at ESO, stated for 2019 and enhance the finding of new planets (https://www.scientificamerica.com/artic ... s-planets/). The Pale Red Dot Project started January 2016 and ended few months later at ESO, with goal of finding exoplanets around close red dwarf stars like Proxima Centauri, Barnard's Star, and Ross 154. They found no Brown Dwarfs or Jovians at those close systems, but did confirm Proxima b and its new 'sister planet' in the process. The new exoplanet has 3.3 Earth Mass / 1.15 Earth Diameter and orbiting six times farther than Proxima b. Quite a colder world in the outer zone. ("Our Nearest Neighboring Planet May Have A Sister World" on https://www.astronomy.com/news/2017/07/ ... ster-world). For many years astronomers knew that Proxima Centauri was a very active red dwarf with huge magnetic storms and flares, ever more than Earth's Sun. X-ray and Ultraviolet radiation is 400 times more intense than at Earth. Energetic particles from Proxima's giant flares would hit Proxima b's oxygen-rich atmosphere and cause very intense glow of green auroral lights (by factor of 100 times)- assuming that the planet has a strong magnetic field to focus them onto its poles, visible to our most powerful telescopes on Earth. Astronomers would call it a "Pale Green Dot," just like our planet was visible as a Pale Blue Dot from the Voyager 1 spacecraft at 40.5 A.U. ("Pale Green Dot: Why Proxima Centauri b May Have A Shiny Tint," on https://www.space.com/38397-proxima-cen ... green.html and also "Proxima b May Have An Aurora That We Can Detect" on https://www.iflscience.com/space/proxim ... an-detect/). Where did extra oxygen in Proxima b's atmosphere come from? From the ultraviolet photolysis and frequent flare erosion by Proxima, of course, that would have heavy isotope of oxygen deposited in the planet's atmosphere and light isotope of hydrogen blown away into space. A team of 14 researchers from the University of Washington, University of California and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Planetary Environments Laboratory contributed to a 93-page scientific paper in 2016 which they were able to estimate that about 16-21 Terrestrial Ocean equivalents of hydrogen were lost to space over the 3.5 - 6 Gyr age of the system. Proxima b may be once an Oceania Planet, reduced to a network of shallow seas on the surface today. So Proxima's innermost planet (and its neighboring sister planet as well) is more likely tidal locked and has a massive atmosphere that allow the presence of shallow ocean or seas along the boundary of planet's day-night terminator. They wrote: "Proxima Cen b's close-in orbit also makes the planet more vulnerable to gravitational tidal interaction with the star, which falls off rapidly with semi-major axis over time, the star could have circularized Proxima Cen b's orbit, trapped it into synchronous rotation, reduced the semi-major axis, and set the obliquity to zero." ("The Habitability Of Proxima Centauri b: II: Environmental States And Observational Discriminants," on https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1608/1608.08620.pdf). Proxima Centauri could have been captured by Alpha Centauri A and B in their birthplace of star cluster slightly closer to the galactic center and migrated to the present galactic orbit between 6 and 5.98 billion years ago (25 galactic years). By the comparison, our Solar System  was born 4.6 billion years ago (19 galactic years). The stellar companions A, B, and C has similar metallicity: 0.20, 0.23 and 0.21 respectively. Wikipedia says: "The gravitational influence of Proxima might have stirred up the Alpha Centauri's protoplanetary disks. This would have increased the delivery of volatiles such as water to the dry inner regions, so possibly enriching any terrestrial planets in the system with this material." (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri and https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.03560.pdf). Both Alpha Centauri system and our Solar System has traveled in the same galactic orbit 27,200 light-years from the galactic center; yet Alpha Centauri revolves faster than our Sun in that orbit, 240 km/sec versus 220 km/sec. Alpha Centauri's galactic orbit is 1/8 percent less than the Sun's galactic orbit and takes nearly 2.9 billion years (or 12 galactic years) to catch up with our Sun. Alpha Centauri would have been in our Solar Neighborhood about 2.88 billion years ago and passed by our Sun. (One galactic year is 240 million years which takes our Sun's journey around the galactic center.) In 2017, big three leaders of the Visionary Starshot Project, like Russian Billionaire Yuri Milner, British Physicist Stephen Hawking and Facebook CEO Mark Zvckerberg proposed that a Gram-Scale Wafer Starchip with carbon fiber sail be send to Proxima Centauri within this century in our own lifetimes and would arrive in 20 years (compared to 30,000-year-trip for Voyager 2 spacecraft using only 40-year-old technology to cover same distance), using laser beam that would accelerate it to 0.2c (1/4 of light speed) and upon its arrival at the system, telecast the results back to Earth in 4 years.

I have made two scripts for those three exoplanets confirmed by the ESO: ALF Cen B c.sc and Proxima Sys.sc here. I chosen only one for "tidal-locked" from Cirax's Proxima b 6 versions and rest of planets from my SE's star search browser. I found that there were different varieties of tidal-locked red dwarf planets with ocean or seas present on the terminator, one hemisphere, or both of the hemispheres. I do not accept bogus 'exoplanets' from the website of PlanetStar Wiki that has no observational evidence. This kind of bunkum is what powers most unscientific nonsense believed by the younger generation to be factual (I must add, lack of critical thinking capability essential for science).

Both script files goes into the subfold 'addons/catalogs/planets' 
scr00056.jpg
Proxima Centauri b with bright aurora
scr00056.jpg
Proxima Centauri b with bright aurora
scr00040.jpg
Alpha Centauri B c as superhot Venus
scr00041.jpg
Proxima Centauri c with bright aurora
scr00056.jpg
Proxima Centauri b with bright aurora
Attachments
ALF Cen B c.sc
(4.89 KiB) Downloaded 683 times
Proxima Sys.sc
(11.41 KiB) Downloaded 707 times
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skywalker66
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14 Nov 2017 18:19

In October 2017 the ESO astronomers has discovered several dust belts around the Proxima Centauri that may include the hidden, unknown exoplanets (up to 2 or more) in the system. They located a warm dust belt at 0.4 AU, a cold dust belt at between 1.3 - 4.0 AU, and also a very cold dust belt at 30 AU that would be kept in place by shepherding bodies. The outermost belt is very similar to our Solar System's Kuiper Belt, with only slightly more mass. They thought there would be a ringed gas giant with 100 Earth Mass orbiting at 1.6 AU inside the cold dust belt, but their transit and emission data failed to locate such planet. Also, I must add that it is very interesting to notice that Proxima c orbits very close to inner warm dust belt 0.3 -0.4 AU. Reference source on the website is as follows: https://www.eso.org/public/archives/rel ... o17359.pdf 
CPU: Intel Core i7-3770 3.4 GHz 4-Core Processor; RAM: Ballistix 8GB (2x4GB) DDR3-2400 memory; GPU: EVGA GeForce GTX 960 4GB FTW Gaming ACX 2.0+; and Windows 10 64-bit
 
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JackDole
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17 Nov 2017 07:22

Ross 128 b
// Filename: Ross128_BC.sc
// JackDole 2017.11.17 11:02:18

// http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&Ident=Ross%20128
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RemoveStar  "Ross 128/FI Vir/Gliese 447/HIP 57548"

StarBarycenter "Ross 128 barycenter"
{
    RA      11 47 44.3974
    Dec     00 48 16.395
    Dist    3.3807
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Put this in 'addons\catalogs\stars'.
// Filename: Ross128-Star.sc
// JackDole 2017.11.17 13:45:13

// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_128
// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/ross_128_b/
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Star "Ross 128/FI Vir/Gliese 447/HIP 57548"
{
    ParentBody  "Ross 128 barycenter"
    Class       "M4 V"
    RadSol      0.1967
    MassSol     0.168
    
    AppMagn     11.13
    Teff        3192
    
    FeH         -0.02       // +- 0.08
    Age         5.0
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Put this in 'addons\catalogs\planets'.
// Filename: Ross128b.sc
// JackDole 2017.11.17 11:13:34

// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/ross_128_b/
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Planet "Ross 128 b/FI Vir b/Gliese 447 b/HIP 57548 b"
{
    ParentBody  "Ross 128"
    Class       "Terra"         // Fictional
    
    Mass        1.399491
    Msini       1.399491
    
    DiscMethod  "RadVel"
    DiscDate    "2017"
    Updated     "2017.11.15"
    
    Orbit 
    {
        SemiMajorAxis   0.0496
        Period          0.027012
        Eccentricity    0.116
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Put this also in 'addons\catalogs\planets'.

Or put this in 'addons'.
Ross128.pak
(1.75 KiB) Downloaded 660 times
(The pictures are made with SE 0.971)
Attachments
scr00105.png
scr00106.png
scr00107.png
JackDole's Universe 0.990: http://forum.spaceengine.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=546
JackDole's Archive: http://forum.spaceengine.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=419
JackDole: Mega structures ... http://old.spaceengine.org/forum/17-3252-1 (Old forum)
 
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ProximaCentauriB
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17 Nov 2017 16:40

GJ 625 / Gliese 625 / HIP 80459 / AC 54 1646-56 (confirmed)
// Filename: GJ_625_BC.sc
// JackDole 2017.08.19 16:49:04

// Put this in 'addons\catalogs\stars'

// http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=gl+625&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RemoveStar "Gliese 625/AC+54 1646-56/HIP 80459"

StarBarycenter "GJ 625 system"
{
    RA      16 25 24.6232
    Dec     54 18 14.762
    Dist    6.490135
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Put this in 'addons\catalogs\stars')
// Filename: GJ_625.sc
// JackDole 2017.08.17 11:39:49

// http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/gj_625_b/
// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_54_1646-56

// Put this in 'addons\catalogs\planets'

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Star "GJ 625/Gliese 625/HIP 80459/AC 54 1646-56"
{
    ParentBody  "GJ 625 system"
    Class       "M2 V"
    
    RadSol      0.31
    MassSol     0.3
    
    AppMagn     10.17
    
    Teff        3499.0
    FeH         -0.38
}

Planet "GJ 625 b/Gliese 625 b/HIP 80459 b/AC 54 1646-56 b"
{
    ParentBody  "GJ 625"
    
    Mass    3.02162850
    Msini   3.02162850
    
    DiscDate    "2017"
    DiscMethod  "RadVel"
    Updated     "2017.05.19"
    
    Orbit
    {
        SemiMajorAxis   0.078399
        Period          0.040078
        Eccentricity    0.13
        ArgOfPericen    240.0
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Put this in 'addons\catalogs\planets')
What extension are we supposed to save these as?
Space, the final frontier...
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Ensabahnur
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COMMUNITY ADDON: Exoplanets

17 Nov 2017 22:17

You save these as .sc, you create two new text documents, you copy the text in each of them and then you rename them and also change the extension to .sc. Hope that helps.
 
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JackDole
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COMMUNITY ADDON: Exoplanets

18 Nov 2017 03:34

What extension are we supposed to save these as?
The file name under which the scripts should be stored is given in the first line of the scripts. This is 'GJ_625_BC.sc' for the first script, which belongs in 'addons\catalogs\stars', and 'GJ_625.sc' for that second script, which belongs in 'addons\catalogs\planets'.
JackDole's Universe 0.990: http://forum.spaceengine.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=546
JackDole's Archive: http://forum.spaceengine.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=419
JackDole: Mega structures ... http://old.spaceengine.org/forum/17-3252-1 (Old forum)
 
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ProximaCentauriB
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18 Nov 2017 08:38

Thanks very much!
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skywalker66
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11 Dec 2017 19:21

UPDATING THE K2-18 EXOPLANETS- POSSIBLE TRANSFORM BOUNDARY BETWEEN ROCKY TERRAS AND MINI-NEPTUNES

In 2015 Kepler Space Telescope's K2 Mission astronomers has discovered a rocky Super Earth with 2.29 Earth Diameter and 6 Earth Mass revolving around a red dwarf star called K2-18 (also known as EPIC 201912552) in a 33-day orbit. They believe this planet, named K2-18 b, may have a massive H2 or He atmosphere with scattered ammonia-water clouds closely resembling a Gas Dwarf or "Mini-Neptune" as like those typically found around some Kepler stellar systems. However, two years later they began observing K2-18 b with ESO's High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) instrument, which is part of the 3.6-meter telescope in the La Silla Observatory. HARPS allowed the team to track K2-18's radial velocity as K2-18 b orbited it. These fluctuations allowed the team to determine the rocky planet in the habitable zone of the star as closely resembling more like Earth, but very massive with 8 Earth Mass with slight less atmosphere and possibly ice-covered watery mantle or very large water ocean (90-95% of the total area of surface, compared to 70% for our Earth's ocean world). Either way, there is greater chance it could support life. While monitoring K2-18 b, the team picked up another signal that Kepler missed. It turned out to be a sibling planet much closer to the star, with 1.55 Earth Diameter and 7.5 Earth Mass, with 9-day orbital period. This planet, now known as K2-18 c, also looks like a Super Earth. However, it's so close to the star that its surface temperature exceeds the boiling point of water. That makes it a poor candidate for life as we know it. ("Stellar and Planetary Properties of K2 Campaign 1 Candidates and Validation of 17 Planets, Including a Planet Receiving Earth-Like Insolation, 2015, Benjamin Moniet, Timothy Morton & others, on https://arxis.org/abs/1503.07866; and "Two Super-Earths Around Star K2-18," 2017, PHYS.ORG on https://phys.org/news/2017-12-super-earths-star-k2.html). Pretty soon, NASA's James Webb Space Telescope is scheduled to launch in early 2019 (after one year delay) and may start analyzing the atmospheres of nearby exoplanets out to the distance of 500 light-years, including K2-18 b. K2-18 red dwarf is young, moderate flare star, not unlike TRAPPIST-1, Proxima and LHS 1140 that would strip and photolyize water molecules in the exoplanet atmospheres. K2-18 b and its sibling neighbor would have sufficient amount of oxygen enough for strong auroral lights in the polar regions. Relatively younger age means that K2-18 b has more of its volatiles like water left over from the planetary formation. ("The Effect of A Strong Stellar Flare on The Atmospheric Chemistry of An Earth-Like Planet Orbiting an M Dwarf," 2010, Antigona Segura, Lucainne Walkowick & others, ASTROBIOLOGY, on https://ncbi.nlm.hih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3103837). K2-18 b has a single deep ocean basin 6-8 km depth, compared to Earth's five deep ocean basins 5-7 km depth, and so hydrosphere supports great weight of large submarine shield volcanoes. The tidal-locked planet's water ocean would be permanently frozen as floating thick ice shelf on the nightside, anchored by small continents uplifting above the sea level. ESO astronomers believe K2-18 b has lighter density of only 3.8-4.0 g/cm3 more like Mars, with most of volatiles stored in the upper mantle and hydrosphere (likely 10-18 Terrestrial Oceans) as it is larger than Earth. If the hydrosphere were 100 km deep, in effect making K2-18 b an ocean world, we can find that liquid water transitions to solid ice at around 630 mega Pascals of pressure (typical surface pressure on Earth is around 100 kilo Pascals). (See https://www.quora.com/What-would-a-very ... to-a-solid). With rocky core of 2-8 Earth Masses, K2-18 b would have been on the way to become a Mini-Neptune if more water is amassed from the protoplanetary nebula disk. On the other hand, its sister planet K2-18 c is very dry, hot desert world of high hilly terrain and large sand dunes sizzling under the bright sunlight from primary star. There were no ocean basins and river channels to be seen- only impact craters, volcanoes, dust storms and bare rocks are present here. It is also permanently tidal-locked towards the star. The atmosphere distributed warm winds around to the planet's nightside, melting any frozen water ice there- very unlike Mercury that had water ice in the polar craters.

I have made two scripts for these K2-18 exoplanets confirmed by Kepler Space Telescope and ESO- K2-18 b.sc and K2-18 c.sc here. Both script files goes into the subfold addons/catalogs/planets.
scr00120.jpg
scr00120.jpg
One screenshot sample of the K2-18 System
scr00120.jpg
Attachments
K2-18 b.sc
(4.55 KiB) Downloaded 644 times
K2-18 c.sc
(4.82 KiB) Downloaded 633 times
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skywalker66
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COMMUNITY ADDON: Exoplanets

14 Dec 2017 18:17

I had found two useful tools for calculating the orbital period of planets and satellites while I made planetary mods for SE 0.980:
1.) Calculator for orbital period of a satellite or moon on https://www.1728.org/kepler3a.htm
2.) Calculator for orbital period of a planet on https://www.calctool.org/CALC/phys/astr ... anet_orbit
I have also added life to the planet K2-18 b's surface in the second script K2-18 bLF.sc (to be used alone without K2-18 b.sc) for the alien life enthusiasts in the Space Engine Community who really wanted it. Someday James Webb Space Telescope might detect the life molecules in the exoplanet's atmosphere with more advanced experiments and determine if alien lifeforms exist there. I find that plant life on K2-18 b is most blackest ever seen elsewhere, utilizing infrared light and reddish light between 0.7-0.9 microns. It has marked outline of small continents against background of the world ocean under red sky, a very helpful hint. Remember that the red dwarf terras are vastly different than our blue planet Earth.
K2-18 bLF.sc
(4.31 KiB) Downloaded 661 times
 
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skywalker66
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COMMUNITY ADDON: Exoplanets

11 Aug 2018 18:52

SUGGESTED NAMES FOR NEW EXOPLANETS (PRESENT OR ANY NEAR FUTURE) IN ALPHA CENTAURI SYSTEM

European Southern Observatory astronomers who may use Extremely Large Telescope at the high-altitude in the Andes Mountains, along with the James Webb Space Telescope, may attempt to locate the Terrestrial Planets hidden in the triple star system's blinding light glaze. So Alpha Centauri's planetary system is believed to have total eleven planets or more out to the distance of 5 A.U., but that the gaseous Jovian Planets are absent due to the strong gravitation interactions by the companion stars. Therefore, ALP CEN A has 5 planets, ALP CEN B has 4 planets, and ALP CEN C (or PROX CEN) has 2 planets. The names are not made offical by the Astronomical Society yet, but may be proposed for the following Centaurian Planets:

ALP CEN A b= Chiron          ALP CEN B b= Caladan          PROX CEN C b= Lepido
ALP CEN A c= Ares             ALP CEN B c= Yosemite         PROX CEN C c= Feronia
ALP CEN A d= Pandora       ALP CEN B d= Pasadena       
ALP CEN A e= Rann            ALP CEN B e= Pelham  
ALP CEN A f= Rakhat 

The structure outline of the Alpha Centauri triple system is more like Gliese 667 triple system and more likely two billion years older than our own Solar System. I did made some planetary scripts sometime before I went into hospital last year. Most planet scripts goes into the subfold "addons / catalogs / planets."
ALF Cen B f.sc
(4.79 KiB) Downloaded 641 times
ALF Cen B f.sc
(4.79 KiB) Downloaded 641 times
ALF Cen B f.sc
(4.79 KiB) Downloaded 641 times
ALF Cen B f.sc
(4.79 KiB) Downloaded 641 times
ALF Cen B f.sc
(4.79 KiB) Downloaded 641 times
ALF Cen B f.sc
(4.79 KiB) Downloaded 641 times
ALF Cen B f.sc
(4.79 KiB) Downloaded 641 times
ALF Cen B f.sc
(4.79 KiB) Downloaded 641 times
ALF Cen B f.sc
(4.79 KiB) Downloaded 641 times
Attachments
ALF Cen A b.sc
(4.49 KiB) Downloaded 501 times
ALF Cen A c.sc
(4.11 KiB) Downloaded 471 times
ALF Cen A d.sc
(4.64 KiB) Downloaded 466 times
ALF Cen A e.sc
(4.86 KiB) Downloaded 474 times
ALF Cen A f.sc
(4.87 KiB) Downloaded 443 times
ALF Cen B c.sc
(4.89 KiB) Downloaded 465 times
ALF Cen B d.sc
(4.39 KiB) Downloaded 451 times
ALF Cen B e.sc
(4.78 KiB) Downloaded 440 times
CPU: Intel Core i7-3770 3.4 GHz 4-Core Processor; RAM: Ballistix 8GB (2x4GB) DDR3-2400 memory; GPU: EVGA GeForce GTX 960 4GB FTW Gaming ACX 2.0+; and Windows 10 64-bit
 
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Ensabahnur
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COMMUNITY ADDON: Exoplanets

11 Aug 2018 22:25

Interesting stuff, really hope it turns out this way irl!

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