Mosfet
The fact is, there are photos taken from cameras aboard the ISS of the Sun that someone also linked. Are you implying that ISS is orbiting into the atmosphere? No, don't answer that
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I will answer that. Photos from the ISS taken while looking TOWARDS Earth are no proof that the Sun is visible from cislunar space. From the Cupola they can ONLY have a line of sight that looks through Earths atmospherem, the geometry is simple. And yes, the ISS is orbiting withing the atmopsphere, much thinner up there, but sufficient if my theory is correct that when looking through that deep column of it towards the stars from the ISS, enough for the shorter, invisible light to be converted to visible. I have not invented any new scientific process here, only applied known sciece to atmosoheric processes. Even Hubble is still within the thermosphere, lots of matter still up there, even out to 10,000 km there is still matter present.
The only known view away from Earth from the US part of the ISS is from the node 2 Zenith porthole, but I can only find one view taken from it, and there is no EXIF data.
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/stat ... 104149.jpg
The dots in the image are not stars.
http://nova.astrometry.net/status/863455
What is visible from the Russian or Japanese modules is not known, Zvezda has 16 windows, but you never hear about them, and nothing about astrophotography/astronomy from them.
And what about putting a camera on one of those geostationary satellites to find out what is visible? What a waste when they have high speed communications availability? There was a camera facing Earth, but NASA took over the channel and now shows us boring images of clouds and blue airglow..
http://about.dish.com/press-release/pro ... th-channel
The videos have been removed though there are still some on Youtube.
XBrain130
Also, I think I see that you won't trust any kind of camera, but only verbal recollection of human beings. Alright then, we'll have to wait until the famous expedition to Mars to settle this, I guess.
Or the Moon, if they ever allow civilians up there. With the snsitive video cameras maybe we will see this?
http://www3.telus.net/myworld/desolation2.jpg
Anyone thinking of going to Mars should go out and take a good look at the stars before the go, they will never see them looking like so bright and clear again, and maybe never. The Curiosity camera has a tough time seeing them at all, not enough atmosphere to give a view like we get.
Mosfet
"And you should define precisely your own terms of "scientifically acceptable manner"
Easy enough. For the stars, an off-the-shelf camera, photos taken from cislunar space, EXIF data provided. For the Sun, same thing but with a Neutral Density filter. I expect something like this:
https://mcalisterium.files.wordpress.co ... edit-2.jpg
200 mm lens ISO 50 f/13 1/8000 sec 10 stop ND filter 12:03 p.m.
I'd also accept an image from the ISS, their noon time. The Sun would be white according to NASA.